Iindlela zoLungiso lweeMishini ze-CNC ze-5-Axis: Qinisekisa ukuchaneka koMatshini

Abaqhubi kufuneka balinganiseUmatshini we-CNC we-5-Axisukufezekisa iinxalenye ezikumgangatho ophezulu. Ukulinganiswa okuchanekileyo kuchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ukuchaneka koomatshini kunye nokusebenza kakuhle, ingakumbi kwiUmatshini weCandelo leeMoto. AnUmatshini we-CNC oQinisekisiweyo we-ISO 9001ixhomekeke kwimigaqo esisiseko yokulinganisa ukuze isebenze kakuhle, ngokungafaniyo nomgangathoIZiko lokuGuqulwa kweCNCOku kuqinisekisa iZiko loMatshini le-CNC elithembekileyo.

Izinto ezibalulekileyo ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe

• LinganisaOomatshini be-CNC abane-axis ezi-5rhoqo. Oku kuqinisekisa ukuba iindawo ezisemgangathweni ophezulu kunye nokusebenza kakuhle.
• Sebenzisa izixhobo ezikhethekileyo ezifana ne-laser interferometers kunye neenkqubo ze-ballbar. Ezi zixhobo zinceda ekufumaneni nasekulungiseni iimpazamo zomatshini.
• Landela isicwangciso sokulinganisa. Oku kuquka ukujonga iindawo ezithe nkqo nezijikelezayo. Kukwabandakanya ukujonga i-spindle.

Izixhobo Ezibalulekileyo Zokulinganisa Iziko Lomatshini We-CNC Eline-Axis Ezi-5

Ukulinganiswa ngokuchanekileyo kweZiko lokuShicilela i-CNC eline-axis ezi-5 kufuna izixhobo ezikhethekileyo. Ezi zixhobo zibonelela ngokuchanekileyo okufunekayo ukuchonga nokulungisa iimpazamo zomatshini.qinisekisa ukuba umatshini usebenzangaphakathi kokunyamezelana okuqinileyo.

Ii-Interferometers zeLaser zokuChaneka okuLungileyo

Ii-interferometer ze-laser zilinganisa ngokuchanekileyo ukuchaneka kokubekwa kwe-axis ethe tye. Zikhupha umqadi we-laser ecaleni kwendlela yokuhamba komatshini. Inkqubo ibona umahluko omncinci kumgama. Oku kuvumela iingcali ukuba zichonge kwaye zibuyisele iimpazamo zepitch, yaw, kunye nokuthe tye. Ezi zixhobo zibonelela ngesisombululo esiphezulu kakhulu kwiimilinganiselo ezithe tye.

Iinkqubo zeBallbar zokusebenza kweKinematic

Iinkqubo zeBallbar zivavanya ukusebenza kwekinematic komatshini we-CNC one-axis ezi-5. Zichonga iimpazamo zekinematic kwizixhobo zomatshini ze-CNC ezine-axis ezi-5. Umda obalulekileyo wokulinganisa i-ballbar kububanzi bazo, obuthintelwa bubude bomzimba bebha ngokwayo. Uvavanyo lwe-double ball bar lusetyenziswa ngendlela ebanzi. Zichonga iimpazamo zejiyometri ezizimeleyo kwindawo kwizixhobo zomatshini ezineendibaniselwano ezahlukeneyo ze-linear kunye ne-rotary axis. Oku kubandakanya ukuphatha useto lovavanyo kunye ne-worktable njengendlela yokutshintsha indawo evaliweyo. Iinkqubo zeBallbar zisebenza kwi:

• Ukuvavanya iimpazamo zejiyometri ezizimeleyo kwindawo kwii-axes ezijikelezayo.
• Ukuqhuba uvavanyo olupheleleyo lwe-ballbar dynamic.
• Ukwenza uvavanyo lwe-ballbar ephindwe kabini kwii-axes ezijikelezayo.
• Ukulinganisa nokuchonga iimpazamo ezibanzi zeetafile zokuthambekela.
• Ukuchonga iimpazamo zejiyometri zee-axes ezijikelezayo kusetyenziswa uhlalutyo lwe-kinematic.

IiTouch Probes kunye neeCMM zokuqinisekisa

Ii-Touch probes kunye neeCoordinate Measuring Machines (ii-CMM) ziqinisekisa ukuchaneka kokulinganisa. Ii-CMM ezine-axis ezintlanu, kuquka nezo zineentloko ze-probe ezihlanganisiweyo, zenza uhlolo lokuchaneka kwevolumu. Zingalinganisa ukungaqiniseki kokulinganisa. Imodeli ye-CMM ebonakalayo ibonelela ngohlalutyo olusondeleyo lwexesha langempela lokungaqiniseki kokulinganisa. Le modeli inika ixabiso lokungaqiniseki kwangoko emva kokulinganisa okukodwa. Le ndlela ijolise ekunciphiseni ixesha kunye neendleko ezinxulumene nokuqikelela ukungaqiniseki kokulinganisa. Uhlalutyo lokungaqiniseki kwezi ndlela zokulinganisa luqwalasela impembelelo yeentshukumo zempazamo ze-linear axes ekulinganisweni kwempazamo yendawo. Oku kubalulekile kwiZiko leMishini ye-CNC elichanekileyo kakhulu.

Iibhloko zeGage ezichanekileyo kunye neMigangatho

Iibhloko zegaji echanekileyo kunye neminye imigangatho ebonakalayo imisela amanqaku asisiseko okubhekisa. Iingcali zisebenzisa zona ukuqinisekisa ubungakanani obuthe tye kunye nesikwere. Ezi zixhobo zibonelela ngomlinganiselo womzimba owaziwayo nochanekileyo kakhulu. Zisebenza njengesiseko sokulinganisa izikali zomatshini kunye nokuqinisekisa izixhobo ezingasebenziyo. Ukusetyenziswa kwazo kuqinisekisa ukuba iinkqubo zokulinganisa zangaphakathi zomatshini zihlala zichanekile.

Iindlela zoLungiso oluSisiseko loKuchaneka

Ukufezekisa ukuchaneka okuphezulu kwiUmatshini wokugaya i-CNC ojikelezayo ezi-5kufuna ukusebenzisa iindlela ezisisiseko zokulinganisa. Ezi ndlela zijongana ngokucwangcisiweyo nemithombo eyahlukeneyo yeempazamo ngaphakathi kumatshini. Ziqinisekisa ukuba umatshini usebenza ngokuchanekileyo.

Ukuhlolwa kokuchaneka kweJiyometri

Ukuhlolwa kokuchaneka kwejiyometri kuchonga nokulinganisa ukuphambuka okubonakalayo kwisakhiwo kunye nokuhamba komatshini. Umatshini one-axis ezi-5 unokuba neempazamo zejiyometri ezingama-41 ubuncinane. Ezi mpazamo zahlulwahlulwahlulwa zibe ziindidi ezifana neempazamo ze-intra-axis, ezenzeka ngaphakathi kwe-axis enye, kunye neempazamo ze-inter-axis, ezenzeka phakathi kwee-axis ezahlukeneyo. Iimpazamo ze-volumetric ziquka lonke ivolumu yokusebenza. Iimpazamo ezithile zejiyometri ziquka ii-offsets kwindawo yemigca ye-avareji ye-axis ejikelezayo kunye neempazamo kwi-avareji yokulungelelaniswa kweentshukumo ze-axis. Ukuphambuka kwe-angular kunye ne-linear kwintshukumo ye-axis nganye nako kunegalelo kwezi mpazamo.

Iingcali zisebenzisa iinkqubo ezimiselweyo ukulinganisa nokulungisa ezi mpazamo zejiyometri. Ziyimodeli, zilinganise, kwaye zihlawule zombini iimpazamo zejiyometri ezizimeleyo kwindawo kunye nezixhomekeke kwindawo. Le nkqubo ibandakanya ukwahlulahlula iimpazamo ezimbini ze-rotary drive, ezilinganiswe nge-ballbar, zibe ziimpazamo zejiyometri ezili-12 ezixhomekeke kwindawo kunye nezi-8 ezizimeleyo kwindawo. Zidibanisa ezi mpazamo ze-rotary ezidityanisiweyo kunye neempazamo zejiyometri ezingama-21 zee-axes zoguqulelo, ezilinganiswe nge-laser interferometer. Le ndlela ibanzi idibanisa zonke iimpazamo zejiyometri ezingama-41 ezidityanisiweyo kwimephu yempazamo. Ithiyori ye-screw inceda ngemodeli ye-kinematic kwaye imele iimpazamo njengeenguqu zempazamo. Ii-interferometer ze-laser zilinganisa iimpazamo ze-axis ezithe ngqo, kubandakanya ukubeka, i-angular, i-straightness, kunye ne-squareness. Iinkqubo ze-Ballbar zichonga iimpazamo ze-axis ezijikelezayo ezifana ne-axial, i-radial, i-angular positioning, i-tilt, kunye neempazamo zejiyometri ezizimeleyo kwindawo (ii-PIGE). Amaqhinga okuhlawula aquka ukuzalisa iitafile zokukhangela kwiinkqubo ze-CNC zorhwebo, nangona ezi zihlala zikhawulela imbuyekezo kwiimpazamo zoguqulelo. Iimodeli ze-Kinematic zibonelela ngembuyekezo epheleleyo kuzo zonke iimpazamo ezingama-41, mhlawumbi nge-Virtual CNC.

Iinkqubo zoLungiso lweKinematic

Ukulinganiswa kweKinematic kugxile ekulungiseni iimpazamo ezinxulumene nenkqubo yokuhamba komatshini. Iimpazamo zeKinematic zivela kukungachaneki kwejometri kwezinto zokwakha. Ezi mpazamo zikhokelela kukungachaneki okukhulu kwindawo yesixhobo kunye nokuqondisa kwayo ngokumalunga nomsebenzi. Oku kukhokelela ngokuthe ngqo kumphezulu ochanekileyo womatshini ngexesha lemisebenzi yokusika yokwenyani. Impembelelo yezi mpazamo iyahluka kakhulu ngokuxhomekeke kwindawo ye-axis nganye, ngakumbi kwiimashini ezine-axis ezintlanu ezixhotyiswe ngetafile ejikelezayo ejikelezayo. Iimpazamo zendawo yee-axes ezijikelezayo zigqanyiswa ngakumbi kwiimashini ezinetafile ejikelezayo ejikelezayo.

Kukho iindlela ezisemgangathweni zoshishino zokwenza umlinganiselo we-kinematic. Abasebenzisi abaninzi basebenzisa imijikelo yokuphanda ezenzekelayo, efana ne-'3D Quickset' okanye imijikelo yomatshini eyakhelwe ngaphakathi. Le mijikelo iphanda into yokwenziwa, njenge-calibration sphere, ukuze ibalwe ngokuzenzekelayo iMachine Reference Zero Point (MRZP) okanye iCenter of Rotation (COR). Iinkqubo zebha yovavanyo ngesandla ziquka ukusebenzisa ibha yovavanyo kwi-spindle kunye nesalathisi sokufumana iziko elijikelezayo ngesandla, ngakumbi koomatshini betafile/itafile. Ezinye iivenkile ziqinisekisa i-kinematics ngokusika iindawo zovavanyo kwaye zijonge kwi-CMM, emva koko zilungelelanise ngokusekelwe kwiziphumo. Nangona kunjalo, le ndlela idla ngokukhokelela kubude bezixhobo obungachanekanga kwaye inikezela ngokuchanekileyo okuncinci komlinganiselo we-kinematic. Ukuhlolwa okuntsonkothileyo kwento yokwenziwa kubandakanya iindlela zokuphanda ezineenkcukacha zokubala i-COR. Ukuqinisekisa nge-probe kunye ne-calibration sphere emva kokusebenzisa imijikelo yokulinganisa i-kinematic kubandakanya ukuhlola i-calibration sphere kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zokujikeleza ukulinganisa ukuphambuka kunye nokuvavanya ukuchaneka kwe-volumetric. Ukubala ukukhula kobushushu bomatshini kunye nokukhula kobushushu kubalulekile, njengoko kuchaphazela kakhulu ukuchaneka komlinganiselo we-kinematic. Ukuqonda ubudlelwane phakathi kobude besixhobo kunye nomlinganiselo we-probe kuyimfuneko ebalulekileyo ngaphambi kokuzama ukulinganisa i-kinematic. Indlela yeDouble Ball Bar (DBB) inceda ekuchongeni iimpazamo ze-kinematic. Uvavanyo lwe-machining, olufana novavanyo lwe-cone frustum (oluchazwe kwi-NAS979), luvavanya ukuchaneka kwe-machining kunye nefuthe leempazamo kwiimpawu zejometri ezifana ne-circularity, concentricity, kunye neempazamo ze-angular.

Imbuyekezo yeMpazamo yeVolumetric

Intlawulo yeempazamo zevolumu yindlela echonga kwaye ilungise iimpazamo kuyo yonke inqwelo yokusebenza yezixhobo zomatshini. Oku kusebenza koomatshini abatsha nabasetyenzisiweyo, ingakumbi abo bane-HEIDENHAIN controls. Le nkqubo ibandakanya ukudala imodeli yeempazamo kunye neefayile zentlawulo ngokusekelwe kumlinganiselo wamanqaku amaninzi. I-laser tracer idla ngokwenza ezi zilinganiso ukusuka kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo. Inzuzo ephambili kukunciphisa iimpazamo zejiyometri ezingashukumiyo, nto leyo ephucula ukuchaneka kwendawo yeTool Center Point (TCP) kuyo yonke ivolumu yomatshini.

Ukulungiswa kwevolumu kudlala indima ebalulekileyo ekufezekiseni ukuchaneka okuphezulu kunye nokuphindaphinda kwi-5-axis CNC machining. Ukutyala imali kwiimashini ezine-volumetric compensation ephucukileyo kuvumela abavelisi ukuba bagcine ukuchaneka okuphezulu ngokuhamba kwexesha. Le teknoloji ixhasa indlela 'yokwenziwa kanye' yokwenziwa kwe-5-axis machining. Le ndlela isusa iimpazamo eziqokelelweyo ngokugcina indawo enye yokubhekisa. Iqinisekisa ukuba yonke into yenziwe ngomatshini ngobudlelwane obuchanekileyo, ihlangabezana nokunyamezelana okuqinileyo okufunekayo kumashishini anzima njengeenqwelo moya kunye nezixhobo zonyango. Ukwenziwa ngokuzenzekelayo kunye nokususwa kokulungiswa kwakhona ngesandla, okuxhaswa yi-volumetric compensation, i-avareji yokulinganisa komatshini, endaweni yokungenelela komqhubi, kuba yinto ephambili ekufezekiseni iindawo ezifanayo, ezifanayo kulo lonke ixesha lemveliso.

Amaqhinga oHlaziyo lobushushu

Amaqhinga okubuyisela ubushushu ajongana nempembelelo yotshintsho lobushushu ekuchanekeni komatshini. Ukubeka iliso kubushushu ngexesha langempela kusebenzisa izinzwa zoqhagamshelwano, ezifana nee-RTD kunye nee-thermocouples, kunye nezinzwa ze-IR ezingaqhagamshelaniyo. Iingcali zibeka ezi zinzwa kwiindawo ezibalulekileyo ezivelisa ubushushu ezifana nee-spindle bearings, ii-ball screws, ii-linear guides, ii-motor housings, kunye neendawo ezikufutshane nokwandiswa kobushushu kwisakhiwo somatshini kunye nomsebenzi. Ukuseta okuqhelekileyo kubandakanya izinzwa ezi-8-12 ezinezinga lokuvavanya eliyi-1-10 Hz.

Ukufunda koomatshini, ngakumbi iinethiwekhi ze-neural (LSTM, CNN) kunye neendlela zokuhlanganisa (Random Forest), kunceda ukuqikelela ukushukuma kobushushu. Ezi modeli zifunda ubudlelwane phakathi kweeparamitha zomatshini (isantya se-spindle, isantya sokutya, ubunzulu bokusika, ukuhamba kokupholisa, ubushushu be-ambient) kunye nokushukuma kobushushu. Iinethiwekhi ze-neural ezinolwazi lwefiziksi ziphucula ngakumbi ukuchaneka. Ukuqikelela ngexesha langempela kuvumela imbuyekezo yokwenyani ngeefestile zokujonga phambili zemizuzwana engama-30-60. Ulawulo lwembuyekezo eguquguqukayo lusebenzisa ukulungiswa kwendlela yesixhobo ngexesha langempela ngokusebenzisa ii-coordinate offsets ezisekelwe kwiivektha zokushukuma kobushushu eziqikelelweyo. Oku kuquka ukulungisa i-Z-axis yokukhula kwe-spindle kunye nokubeka i-XY kwindawo yokushukuma kwebhedi/ikholamu. Ukudibanisa iimephu zempazamo yobushushu kwi-CNC controller kunye nokusebenzisa ulawulo oluhambelanayo ukulungisa ukuhamba kokupholisa, ukunciphisa isantya se-spindle, okanye ukufaka ikhefu lokupholisa nako kuyasebenza. Iinkqubo ezivaliweyo ezidibanisa impendulo ye-sensor kunye noqikelelo lwe-ML zinokufezekisa ukuchaneka kwembuyekezo ngaphakathi kwe-5-10 microns. Isicwangciso sembuyekezo yempazamo yobushushu yokufunda ngokwakho sivavanywe kwizixhobo ezimbini zomatshini ze-5-axis ezahlukeneyo kwiimvavanyo zexesha elide (iiyure ezingama-700-900). Le ndlela inciphise iimpazamo zobushushu bevolumu ukusuka kwi-76 µm ukuya kwi-20 µm (ukunciphisa nge-74%) kunye nokusuka kwi-84 µm ukuya kwi-33 µm (ukunciphisa nge-61%). Iimpazamo zesikwere ze-Root mean squared (ii-RMSE) zincitshiswe nge-84% kunye ne-65%, ngokulandelelana. Ngexesha lokusila ii-impellers nge-5-axis ngaxeshanye, imbuyekezo yempazamo yobushushu yokufunda ngokwakho inciphise i-RMSE ephezulu yeeblade ze-impeller ukuya kuthi ga kwi-73% (ukusuka kwi-32 µm ukuya kwi-9 µm) kwiinguqu zobushushu ezimalunga ne-10 °C. Le ndlela inyusa amandla enkqubo ekutshintsheni kwamaqondo obushushu kwaye iphucula kakhulu ukuchaneka ngaphandle kokufuna ulwazi lwangaphambili malunga nokuziphatha kobushushu besixhobo somatshini.

Ukulinganiswa kweJiyometri ye-Axis ngeNyathelo

Ukufezekisa umatshini ochanekileyoifuna ukulinganiswa ngononophelo kwee-axes zejometri zomatshini. Le nkqubo ijongana ngokucwangcisiweyo nokulungelelaniswa komzimba kunye nentshukumo ye-axis nganye. Iqinisekisa ukuba izinto zomatshini zihamba ngokuchanekileyo xa zithelekiswa.

Ukulinganiswa kwe-Axis eLinear

Ukulungiswa kwe-axis ethe tye kugxile kwintshukumo ethe tye yee-axis ze-X, Y, kunye ne-Z zomatshini. Intshukumo ethe tye yomgca ibalulekile kwiimilinganiselo ezichanekileyo zenxalenye. Iingcali zilandela indlela ecwangcisiweyo yokulinganisa ezi axis.

1. Ikhaya lomatshini: Abaqhubi bahambisa isixhobo sokusika okanye i-spindle yomatshini baye kwindawo yasekhaya kwi-axis nganye. Oku kuseka indawo eyaziwayo yokubhekisa.
2. Faka isixhobo sokulinganisaIingcali zifakela isixhobo sokulinganisa, esifana ne-laser interferometer okanye i-ball bar, kwitafile yokusebenza yomatshini. Esi sixhobo silinganisa intshukumo yokwenyani ye-axis.
3. Sebenzisa iNkqubo yoLungiso: Inkqubo yolawulo lomatshini iqhuba inkqubo. Le nkqubo ihambisa isixhobo sokusika okanye i-spindle ecaleni kwe-axis nganye ngamanyathelo achazwe kwangaphambili. Igubungela lonke uluhlu lokusebenza.
4. Linganisa iNtshukumo ye-Axis: Isixhobo sokulinganisa silinganisa intshukumo yokwenyani ye-axis nganye kwinqanaba ngalinye lenkqubo. Iingcali zithelekisa la maxabiso namaxabiso acwangcisiweyo. Zirekhoda naziphi na izinto ezingangqinelaniyo.
5. Lungisa i-Axis Compensation: Ngokusekelwe kumahluko arekhodiweyo, iingcali ziguqula amaxabiso okuhlawula i-axis kwinkqubo yolawulo lomatshini. Oku kulungisa iimpazamo kwaye kuqinisekisa ukuhamba ngokuchanekileyo kwii-axes ezichaziweyo.

Le nkqubo icwangcisiweyo iqinisekisa ukuba ii-axes ezithe nkqo zihamba ngokuchanekileyo kakhulu kuhambo lwazo olupheleleyo.

Ukulinganiswa kweRotary Axis

Ukulinganiswa kwe-Rotary axis kubalulekile kwiOomatshini abane-axis ezi-5Ezi matshini zine-axes ezongezelelweyo ezijikelezayo, ngesiqhelo u-A, u-B, okanye u-C. Iimpazamo ekubekweni kwe-axis ejikelezayo zichaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ukujongwa kwesixhobo ngokumalunga nomsebenzi. Oku kuchaphazela i-geometry yenxalenye yokugqibela.

Iingcali zidla ngokusebenzisa izinto ezizodwa kunye neendlela zokuphanda ukuze zilungelelaniswe i-rotary axis. Zisenokusebenzisa i-precision sphere okanye i-calibration cube. Umatshini uphanda i-artifact kwii-engile ezininzi kunye neendawo. Olu lwazi lunceda ekumiseleni iziko elichanekileyo lokujikeleza kwi-rotary axis nganye. Ikwachonga naluphi na utyekelo okanye ukushukuma kwintshukumo yazo. Isoftware emva koko ibala amaxabiso okubuyisela. La maxabiso achanekileyo kwiindlela eziphambukayo kwiimodeli ze-rotary axes. Ukulungiswa kwe-rotary axis ngokuchanekileyo kuqinisekisa ukuba isixhobo sigcina ulwalathiso lwaso olucetywayo ngexesha leentshukumo ezintsonkothileyo ze-5-axis.

Ukuhlolwa koBume besikwere kunye nokuma nkqo

Ukuhlolwa kobume besikwere kunye nokulingana kuqinisekisa ubudlelwane be-angular phakathi kwee-axes zomatshini. Umzekelo, i-X-axis kufuneka ihambelane ngokugqibeleleyo ne-Y-axis. I-Z-axis kufuneka ihambelane kuzo zombini ii-axes ze-X kunye ne-Y. Ukuphambuka kwezi angles zifanelekileyo ze-90-degree kwazisa iimpazamo zejometri. Ezi mpazamo zinokubangela ukuba iindawo zingabi sesikwere okanye zibe nee-engile ezingachanekanga.

Iingcali zisebenzisa izikwere ezichanekileyo, izikwere zegranite, okanye iinkqubo ze-laser ukwenza olu hlolo. Zibeka isixhobo sokubhekisa okanye iprobe ecaleni kwe-axis enye. Emva koko, zilinganisa umgama waso ukusuka kumphezulu wokubhekisa olungelelaniswe ngokuchanekileyo kwenye i-axis. Nakuphi na ukuphambuka okulinganisiweyo kubonisa impazamo kwi-squareness okanye i-perpendicularity. Imbuyekezo ibandakanya ukulungisa iiparameter kwinkqubo yolawulo lomatshini. Oku kulungisa i-angular misalignment. Ukugcina isikwere esichanekileyo kunye ne-perpendicularity kubalulekile ekuveliseni iindawo ezineempawu zejometri ezichanekileyo kunye nokunyamezelana okuqinileyo.

Ulungelelwaniso lweSpindle kunye noQinisekiso lokuSebenza

Ukulungelelaniswa kwe-spindle ngokuchanekileyo kunye nokubaleka okuncinci kubalulekile ekufezekiseni iziphumo zomatshini osemgangathweni ophezulu. Ezi zinto zichaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ubomi besixhobo, ukugqitywa komphezulu, kunye nokuchaneka kwenxalenye. Abaqhubi kufuneka baqinisekise rhoqo ezi nkalo.

Umlinganiselo wokuqalisa kwe-Spindle Taper

Ukulinganiswa kwe-spindle taper runout kuvavanya ubunzulu be-spindle taper yangaphakathi. Olu vavanyo luqinisekisa ukuba isibambi sesixhobo sihlala ngokuchanekileyo nangaphakathi. Iingcali zisebenzisa ibha yovavanyo oluchanekileyo efakwe kwi-spindle taper. Emva koko zisebenzisa i-dial indicator ukulinganisa ukuphambuka kubude bebha yovavanyo. Ukuncipha kwe-spindle kubonisa i-spindle esempilweni, ethintela ukushukuma kwesixhobo ngexesha lokwenziwa kwemishini.

Ulungelelwaniso lwe-Spindle Axis

Ukulungelelaniswa kwe-axis ye-spindle kuqinisekisa ukuba i-axis ye-spindle ejikelezayo ihambelana ngokugqibeleleyo netafile yokusebenza yomatshini okanye ii-axes ezithe nkqo. Ukulungelelaniswa okungalunganga kubangela iimpazamo ze-conical kwiimpawu zomatshini. Iinkqubo zokulungelelanisa i-laser okanye amanqanaba okuchaneka zinceda iingcali ukuqinisekisa olu lungelelwaniso. Ukulungiswa kwesakhiwo somatshini okanye ukujikajika kulungisa naziphi na iimpazamo ezifunyenweyo. Ukulungelelaniswa okufanelekileyo kuqinisekisa ukuba izixhobo zisike ngokufanelekileyo kwinkqubo yokulungelelanisa yomatshini.

Ukuhlolwa koMgcini weZixhobo

Ukuhlolwa kokutyibilika kwezixhobo kujonga ubunzulu besixhobo ngaphakathi kwesibambi saso. Ungcoliseko ludla ngokubangela ukutyibilika kwezixhobo. Inkunkuma, intsalela yesipholisi, okanye iitships zesinyithi kwi-taper okanye kwi-shank yesixhobo kudala izithuba. Ukulungelelaniswa kakuhle kwe-taper kunye ne-spindle nako kunegalelo kule ngxaki. Ukuxinwa okungafanelekanga, nokuba kukutyibilika okungaphelelanga okanye ukutyibilika kakhulu, nako kunokukhokelela ekutyibilikeni. Izibambi zezixhobo ezingahambelaniyo okanye izinto ezigugileyo ezifana nee-collets ziyayenza mandundu le ngxaki.

Abaqhubi benza uhlolo lwemihla ngemihla lomonakalo obonakalayo kwaye bacoce iindawo ezithambileyo. Benza uhlolo lweveki nganye ukulinganisa umjikelo wemoto besebenzisa isalathisi sokudayela. Umjikelo owamkelekileyo udla ngokuba yi-≤0.01 mm ubukhulu obuphindwe kathathu kwiibamba ezichanekileyo. Iingcali zicoca kakuhle zonke izinto ngaphambi kokufakwa. Baqinisekisa ukulungelelaniswa ngokuchanekileyo kwaye basebenzisa useto oluchanekileyo lwe-torque ngesikrufu esilinganisiweyo. Ukusebenzisa izibambi zezixhobo ezilinganisiweyo kunye nokutshintsha iindawo ezigugileyo kunciphisa umjikelo wemoto ogqithisileyo.

Ukuphumeza amaqhinga okufumana imbuyekezo

Emva kokuchonga iimpazamo zomatshini ngokulinganisa, ukusebenzisa amaqhinga okulungisa asebenzayo kubalulekile. Ezi ndlela zilungisa ukungachaneki kwaye ziqinisekisa ukuba umatshini uvelisa iindawo ezichanekileyo. Abavelisi basebenzisa isoftware, ihardware, kunye nohlengahlengiso lwe-post-processor ukuze bafezekiseukusebenza okuphezulu.

Imbuyekezo Esekelwe kwiSoftware

Imbuyekezo esekelwe kwisoftware isebenzisa ii-algorithms ezikwinkqubo yolawulo lwe-CNC ukulungisa iimpazamo. Ezi algorithms zilungisa iintshukumo zomatshini ngexesha langempela okanye ngokuqikelela.

• Ulawulo lweNgxeloibala iimpazamo ze-contour kumjikelo ngamnye. Emva koko ilungisa ii-inputs zolawulo kumjikelo olandelayo. Le ndlela iphatha kakuhle ukuphazamiseka okungaziwayo.
• Ulawulo lwangaphambi kokuhlawulailungiselela imiyalelo ngaphambi kokuba kwenzeke iimpazamo. Ixhomekeke kwiimodeli ezichanekileyo.
• Ulawulo Lokuqikelelaiqikelela iimeko zexesha elizayo. Isombulula iingxaki zokuphucula ukuze imisele imiyalelo efanelekileyo. Oku kuthintela ukulibaziseka kolawulo lwempendulo.
  Ii-algorithms ezithile ezifanaI-RTCP (Ulawulo lweNqanaba leZixhobo zokujikeleza)lawula ngokuthe ngqo indawo yomsiki kunye nolwalathiso lwakhe.Imbuyekezo ye-3D Radius yokuphela kokusilaikwanceda inkqubo ye-CNC ukuba iphumeze imiyalelo echanekileyo yendlela yesixhobo.

Uhlengahlengiso lweHardware

Ngamanye amaxesha, uhlengahlengiso olubonakalayo kwisakhiwo somatshini luyimfuneko ukulungisa iimpazamo zejiyometri. Olu hlengahlengiso lwezixhobo zekhompyutha lubonelela ngomgangatho osisiseko wokuchaneka.

1. Uhlengahlengiso lokufana: Iingcali zilungisa iireli zesikhokelo zisebenzisa idatha yelaser. Zikhulula iibholithi kwaye zicofe umzila ude uthe tye.
2. Uhlengahlengiso lokuma ngxi: Isikwere segranite okanye inqanaba le-laser linceda ukuqinisekisa ukuba ii-axes zikwi-90 degrees. Ukuba i-X-axis ayithe nkqo kwi-Y-axis, abasebenzi bayayishukumisa ngokwasemzimbeni isakhiwo senkxaso ye-gantry.
3. Ukulungiswa kweSpindle: Ibha yovavanyo kunye nezibonakaliso zedayile zitshayelela itafile. Ukuba i-spindle iyathambekela, iingcali zongeza ii-shims kwiibheringi ze-spindle okanye zilungise i-headstock.

Ukuphuculwa kwePost-Processor

Ukulungiswa kwe-post-processor kuphucula ikhowudi ye-G esetyenziswa ngumatshini. Eli nyathelo liqinisekisa ukuba umatshini uguqulela imiyalelo ye-CAM kwiintshukumo ezichanekileyo. I-post-processor elungisiweyo inikezela ngeenzuzo ezininzi:

• Ithintela iintshukumo ezingasebenziyo kunye neempazamo ezinokubakho. Oku kukhokelela ekubeniiindlela zezixhobo ezigudileyo.
• Iphucula iindlela zezixhobo. Oku kunciphisa ukubetheka okungasebenziyo kwaye kunciphisa utshintsho olungafunekiyo lwezixhobo. Oku kunokuphucula imijikelo yokwenziwa kwemishini iyonke nge-15%.
• Ibona iimpazamo ezinokwenzeka zengqiqo. Oku kuthintela iingxaki ezinje ngokungqubana kwezixhobo kunye nokunqunyulwa komoya. Ukuchonga okunjalo kunokunciphisa iingxaki ngaphezulu kwe-80%.

I-post-processor entsha esebenzisa i-particle swarm optimization (PSO) ivelisa i-G-Code entsha. Le G-code ihlawulela iimpazamo zejiyometri, kuquka amagama aphezulu. Ikwathintela ukuphazamiseka kwesixhobo nomsebenzi kunye notshintsho olukhawulezileyo lwe-axis motion. Oku kuqinisekisa ukuba indlela yesixhobo yokwenyani ihambelana noyilo lwe-CAM.

Ukuqinisekisa ukuchaneka koLungiso kwiZiko lakho loMatshini we-CNC

Emva kokulinganisa umatshini one-axis ezi-5,ukuqinisekisa ukuchaneka kwayokubalulekile. Eli nyathelo liqinisekisa ukuba inkqubo yokulinganisa ilungisiwe ngempumelelo iimpazamo. Liqinisekisa ukuba umatshini uvelisa iindawo ezikumgangatho ophezulu rhoqo. Abavelisi basebenzisa iindlela ezahlukeneyo ukuqinisekisa ukulinganisa.

Uvavanyo lweCandelo loMatshini kunye noLinganiselo

Iindawo zovavanyo loomatshini zibonelela ngovavanyo oluthe ngqo lokusebenza komatshini. Abaqhubi baqhuba iinkqubo zovavanyo emva kokulinganisa ukuqinisekisa ukuziphatha komatshini okulindelekileyo. Emva koko balinganisa iindawo zesampulu besebenzisa izixhobo ezichanekileyo ezifana nezalathisi zokudayela okanye i-laser interferometers. Ezi zilinganiso ziqinisekisa ukuba iziqwenga zihambelana nobukhulu obuchaziweyo. Ukulinganisa imilinganiselo ngokuchasene nemigangatho yoshishino okanye iinkcukacha ezimiselweyo kuqinisekisa ukuchaneka. Uxwebhu olupheleleyo lweziphumo, iinkqubo zokulinganisa, kunye nohlengahlengiso lubalulekile.

Iprotokholi esemgangathweni ibandakanya i-hardware ethile kunye nenkqubo enamanyathelo ama-4. I-precision calibration sphere, eqinisekisiweyo ukuba yi-±0.0025mm okanye ngaphezulu, isebenza njengendawo yokubhekisa. Inkqubo yovavanyo lomatshini osemgangathweni, enokuphindwa kwe-±0.005mm okanye ngaphezulu, nayo iyimfuneko. Isoftware yokulinganisa iyazilawula ukulinganisa nokubala. Iprotokholi iqala ngokuseta umlinganiselo wokuqala. Abaqhubi bafaka i-calibration sphere baze balinganise iziko layo kwiindawo ze-rotary axes' zero. Barekhoda ezi coordinates njengereferensi. Okulandelayo, baqokelela idatha yeendawo ezininzi. Bahlola i-sphere ukusuka kwiindawo ezisibhozo ezahlukeneyo zokujikeleza. Isoftware yokulinganisa emva koko ihlalutya le datha ukuze ibale iiparameter ze-kinematic. Oku kuvelisa iiparameter zomatshini ezilungisiweyo. Ekugqibeleni, abaqhubi bafaka ezi parameters kulawulo lomatshini. Benza imilinganiselo yokuqinisekisa ngokujonga i-sphere kwakhona kwiindawo ezininzi. Oku kuqinisekisa ukuchaneka okuphuculweyo kweIZiko leMishini ye-CNC.

Uvavanyo lokuPhinda-phinda kunye nokuChaneka

Ukuphindaphinda kunye nokuchaneka zizinto ezibalulekileyo zokulinganisa ukusebenza komatshini. Ukuphindaphinda kubhekisa ekuhambelaneni kweziphumo xa umatshini ezama umsebenzi ofanayo ngokuphindaphindiweyo phantsi kweemeko ezifanayo. Ukuchaneka kuchaza indlela isiphumo sokulinganisa esihambelana ngayo nexabiso elijoliswe kulo.

Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zokuchaneka. Ukuchaneka kwejiyometri kuvavanya uyilo lomatshini kunye neempawu zenxalenye. Imigangatho efana ne-SN ISO 230-1 ichaza iindlela zokuvavanya iimpazamo zejiyometri kwii-axes ezijikelezayo nezithe ngqo. Ukuchaneka kokubeka indawo kubonisa ukuchaneka kunye nokuphindaphinda kokubeka kwindawo kwii-axes ezilawulwa ngamanani. Ii-interferometer ze-laser zilinganisa oku, zithelekisa indawo ebonisiweyo yomatshini nomlinganiselo wenkqubo ye-laser. I-ISO 230-2/6 kunye ne-VDI/DGQ 3441 zibonelela ngesikhokelo. Ukuchaneka kokunxibelelana kuvavanya indlela iindlela zokwenyani ezijikelezayo ezihambelana ngayo neendlela ezicwangcisiweyo. I-SN ISO 230-4 ijongana novavanyo lwayo. Ukuchaneka kwe-volumetric kumisela ukuchaneka ngokubanzi kwindawo yokusebenza yomatshini. Ijolise ekunciphiseni ukuphambuka kwe-tool center point (TCP).

Ulawulo lweNkqubo yeNkcukacha-manani (i-SPC)

Ulawulo lweNkqubo yeStatistical (SPC) lusebenzisa iindlela eziqhutywa yidatha ukujonga imveliso. Luhlalutya iimetrikhi ezifana nokwahluka kobukhulu ukuze luchonge ukuphambuka kwangethuba. Inkqubo enexabiso le-CpK elingu-≥1.33 ibonisa amandla aphezulu okuhlangabezana nokunyamezelana. Isoftware ye-SPC idla ngokubonelela ngolawulo lomgangatho ngexesha langempela. Oku kuqinisekisa ukuba ukulinganiswa kuhlala kuhleli. Iinkonzo ze-CNC ezinamava zisebenzisa i-SPC ukuhlalutya idatha yemveliso. Zichonga iindlela okanye ukwahluka ngaphambi kokuba zinyuke. Le ndlela yokukhawulezisa inciphisa amazinga eziphene nge-15-20%. Ivumela amanyathelo okulungisa kwangethuba. Oku kunceda ekugcineni ukulinganiswa komatshini kunye nomgangatho ngokubanzi. I-SPC ilandelela ukwahluka kwaye iqinisekisa ukuphindaphindwa ngeendlela zokuhlola. Iinkqubo zokulinganisa ezisekelwe kwi-probe zivumela ukufunyanwa kweempazamo kwi-intanethi. Zibonelela ngempendulo yokulinganiswa komatshini kunye nokwenza ngcono iiparameter zenkqubo. Bonke abaqhubi banegalelo ekugcineni i-SPC. Bafaka idatha ngexesha lokujonga kwaye bajonge idatha ye-SPC ngeyure. Oku kubandakanyeka ngokuthe ngqo kuqinisekisa ukujonga okuqhubekayo kwenkqubo yokulinganisa. Ivumela ukungenelela ngexesha elifanelekileyo ngokusekelwe kwidatha yexesha langempela.

Iindlela ezilungileyo zoLungiso noLondolozo oluqhubekayo

Ukugcina ukuchaneka komatshini we-CNC one-axis ezi-5 kufuna ukulinganiswa rhoqo kunye nokugcinwa ngononophelo. Ezi ndlela ziqinisekisa ukuba umatshini unikezela ngezixhobo ezisemgangathweni ophezulu ngexesha lokusebenza kwawo.

Ukuseka iShedyuli yoLungiso

Ishedyuli yokulinganisa ecwangcisiweyo ibalulekile ukuze kubekho ukuchaneka okuqhubekayo. Abaqhubi kufuneka balungise iimpazamo zokujikeleza, kuquka i-pitch, i-yaw, kunye ne-roll, rhoqo emva kweminyaka emibini. Ubuninzi obuthile buxhomekeke kubulukhuni bezinto kunye nokuqina kunye nokunyamezela komatshini. Ukuba umatshini uyasilela ekuhlolweni kokwamkelwa, lungisa kwakhona ii-encoders ngaphambi kwenxalenye nganye ebalulekileyo. Ukulungiswa ngokubanzi kuyacetyiswa rhoqo emva kweenyanga ezintandathu ngexesha lokulungiswa rhoqo, nokuba iingxelo ze-CMM azibonisi ngxaki zokunyamezela.

Ukugcinwa kwamaxwebhu kunye nokugcinwa kweerekhodi

Ukugcinwa kweerekhodi ngokufanelekileyo kubalulekile kwinkqubo yokulinganisa ebanzi. Kubandakanya ukubhala phantsi zonke izilinganiso, uhlengahlengiso, kunye nokulinganisa okwenziweyo. Olu qheliselo lubalulekile ekulandeleleni ukusebenza komatshini ngokuhamba kwexesha kwaye lusebenza njengesixhobo esibalulekileyo sokusombulula iingxaki zexesha elizayo. Inkqubo ebanzi kufuneka iquke:

• Umhla kunye nexesha lomsebenzi ngamnye
• Umntu owenza lo msebenzi
• Amanyathelo athathiweyo kunye neziphumo zawo
• Iindawo ezitshintshiweyo okanye ezilungisiweyo
• Naziphi na iziphumo ezingaqhelekanga okanye iinkxalabo eziboniweyo
• Ixesha elifunekayo ukugqiba umsebenzi ngamnye

Uqeqesho lwaBasebenzi kunye noPhuhliso lweZakhono

Abaqhubi abaqeqeshwe kakuhle babalulekile ekugcineni ukuchaneka komatshini. Kufuneka balinganise rhoqo umatshini ukuze babone ukuchaneka kwawo. Abaqhubi basebenzisa izalathisi zedayile kunye nezinye izixhobo zokulinganisa. Bajonga ukuguguleka koomatshini kwiindawo ezifana nezikrufu ze-lead kunye neebheringi. Ukuqinisekisa useto oluchanekileyo lwenkqubo yokulungelelanisa umsebenzi (i-WCS) nako kubalulekile. Uqeqesho lukwabandakanya ukulinganiswa kwepivot kwiimashini ze-5-axis. Abaqhubi bafunda ukuchonga ukusilela okunokwenzeka kunye nokuthintela umonakalo kwizixhobo.

Izinto ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe kuLawulo lweNdalo

Ukugcina imeko-bume elawulwayo nezinzileyo kubalulekileukunciphisa imiphumo yobushushukwaye uqinisekise ukuchaneka komatshini osebenza ngokuqhubekayo. Ukuguquguquka kobushushu kunye nokufuma kunokubangela ukuba umatshini kunye nesixhobo somsebenzi sande okanye sinciphe, nto leyo ekhokelela ekungachanekini. Ubushushu obuphakathi kwe-18–24°C bubalulekile. Umswakama kufuneka uhlale ungaphantsi kwe-70%. Isiseko sekhonkrithi esiqinileyo, esixineneyo nesishukumayo sibalulekile, kwaye umgangatho womgangatho ungaphantsi kwe-0.5 mm ukuphambuka. Oku kuthintela iimpazamo ze-axis yokujikeleza kwaye kuthintela ubudlelwane obuchanekileyo bejometri kwiZiko leMishini ye-CNC.

Ukusombulula iingxaki zeengxaki zokulinganisa eziqhelekileyo

Nokuba kulungiswe rhoqo,Oomatshini be-CNC abane-axis ezi-5inokujongana neengxaki zokulinganisa. Ukuchonga nokusombulula le mingeni ngokukhawuleza kunciphisa ixesha lokungasebenzi kwaye kugcina ukuchaneka komatshini. Abavelisi badla ngokujongana neengxaki ezithile.

Ukuchonga Oonobangela Bokungachaneki

Ukuchonga unobangela ochanekileyo wokungachaneki kufuna indlela ecwangcisiweyo. Iingcali ziqala ngokuphonononga iirekhodi zolondolozo zamva nje kunye neerekhodi zokulinganisa. Zijonga naluphi na utshintsho kwindlela osekwe ngayo umatshini okanye iimeko zokusingqongileyo. Okulandelayo, zenza uvavanyo lokuxilonga zisebenzisa i-laser interferometers okanye iinkqubo ze-ballbar. Ezi zixhobo zinceda ukwahlula iimpazamo kwii-axes ezithile okanye kwiiketanga ze-kinematic. Abaqhubi bakwahlola izinto ezibonakalayo zomatshini ukuze babone umonakalo obonakalayo okanye ukuguguleka. Uphando olucokisekileyo luqinisekisa ukuba zijongana nengxaki echanekileyo.

Ukujongana nokuTshisa kobushushu

Ukushukuma kobushushu kuchaphazela kakhulu ukuchaneka komatshini. Ukuguquguquka kobushushu kubangela ukuba izinto zomatshini zande okanye zinciphe. Ukujongana noku, sebenzisa iinkqubo zokupholisa ezisebenzayo zesakhiwo se-spindle kunye nomatshini. Gcina ubushushu obuzinzileyo kwindawo yokusebenzela. Sebenzisa isoftware yokuhlawula ubushushu ngaphakathi kolawulo lwe-CNC. Le software iqikelela kwaye ilungisa ukwanda kobushushu ngexesha langempela. Abaqhubi kufuneka bavumele umatshini ukuba ufudumale ngokwaneleyo ngaphambi kwemisebenzi ebalulekileyo.

Ukunciphisa ukuNxiba koomatshini

Ukuguguleka koomatshini kuchaphazela ngokungenakuphepheka ukuchaneka komatshini ngokuhamba kwexesha. Izikrufu zebhola ezigugileyo, izikhokelo ezithe tye, kunye neebheringi zingenisa ukudlala nokunciphisa ukuchaneka. Ukuhlolwa rhoqo kunye nokutshintshwa kwezi nxalenye kubalulekile. Thambisa zonke iindawo ezihambayo ngokweshedyuli yomenzi. Sebenzisa inkqubo yokukhusela ukugcinwa. Le nkqubo ichonga kwaye itshintshe iindawo ezigugileyo ngaphambi kokuba zenze iimpazamo ezinkulu. Ukusebenza kakuhle komatshini, ukuphepha imithwalo egqithisileyo, kwandisa ubomi benxalenye.

Ukulinganiswa rhoqo kudlala indima ebalulekileyo ekugcineni i-CNC ene-axis ezi-5ukuchaneka komatshiniUmatshini olinganiswe kakuhle uqinisekisa umgangatho ophezulu wemveliso kwaye wandisa ixesha lokusebenza. Le ndlela yokuzilungiselela inciphisa iimpazamo. Iqinisekisa iziphumo ezilungileyo zokuvelisa. Ukulinganisa yinkqubo eqhubekayo.

FAQ

Yintoni eyenza ukuba ukulinganiswa kwe-CNC ye-axis ezi-5 kubaluleke?

Ukulungiswa kwezixhobo kuqinisekisa ukuba izixhobo zisemgangathweni ophezulu kunye noomatshini abachanekileyo. Oku kuchaphazela ngqo ukuchaneka kunye nokusebenza kakuhle.

Umatshini we-CNC one-axis ezi-5 ufanele ulinganiswe kangaphi?

Linganisa iimpazamo zokujikeleza rhoqo emva kweminyaka eli-1 ukuya kwemi-2. Yenza uhlengahlengiso oluqhelekileyo rhoqo emva kweenyanga ezintandathu ngexesha lokulungiswa kwesiqhelo.

Zeziphi izixhobo ezisetyenziselwa ukulinganisa i-CNC ene-axis ezi-5?

Ii-interferometer ze-laser, iinkqubo ze-ballbar, ii-touch probes, ii-CMM, kunye neebhloko ze-precision gage zizixhobo ezibalulekileyo.