Umyalelo omkhulu usemva kwexesha. Umcwangcisi oyintloko uthatha ikhefu lokugula

Umyalelo omkhulu usemva kwexesha. Umcwangcisi oyintloko uthatha ikhefu lokugula. Oyena mthengi wakho usandula ukuthumela umyalezo obhaliweyo ecela isipho ebesilindelwe ngoLwesibini ophelileyo. Ngubani onexesha lokukhathazeka malunga neoyile yokuthambisa ethontsiza kancinci ukusuka ngasemvaCNC lathe, okanye uyazibuza ukuba ingaba ingxolo encinci oyivayo kwiziko lomatshini elithe tye lithetha ingxaki yokusonta?
Oku kuyaqondakala. Wonke umntu uxakekile, kodwa ukutyeshela ukugcinwa komatshini akufani nokuqhuba usiya emsebenzini xa uxinezeleko lwetayara elingasemva lwasekhohlo lusezantsi kancinci. Iindleko zokungaphumeleli ukugcina izixhobo ze-CNC rhoqo kwaye ngokwaneleyo ziphezulu kakhulu kuneendleko zokulungisa ezingenakuphepheka kodwa ezingalindelekanga. Oku kusenokuthetha ukuba uya kuphulukana nokuchaneka kwenxalenye, unciphise ubomi besixhobo, kwaye mhlawumbi iiveki zexesha lokuphumla elingacwangciswanga ngelixa ulinde iinxalenye ezisuka phesheya kolwandle.
Ukuyiphepha yonke into iqala ngomnye wemisebenzi elula onokuyicingela: ukusula izixhobo ekupheleni kweshifti nganye. Yiloo nto uKanon Shiu, imveliso kunye neenjineli zenkonzo kwi-Chevalier Machinery Inc. e-Santa Fe Springs, eCalifornia, wathi, wakhala ngelithi abaninzi abanini bezixhobo zoomatshini bangenza ngcono kule projekthi isisiseko sokugcina indlu. Wathi: “Ukuba awuwugcini ucocekile lo matshini, ngokuqinisekileyo uya kubangela iingxaki.
Njengabakhi abaninzi, i-Chevalier ifaka i-hoses egungxulwayo kuyolatheskwayeamaziko oomatshini. Ezi kufuneka zilungele ukutshiza umoya oxinzelelweyo kumphezulu womatshini, kuba lo mva unokuvuthela inkunkuma encinci kunye nezohlwayo kwindawo yomjelo. Ukuba ixhotyiswe ngesixhobo esinjalo, isihambisi setshiphu kunye nebhanti lokuhambisa kufuneka zigcinwe zivuliwe ngexesha lomsebenzi womatshini ukunqanda ukuqokelelwa kweetshiphu. Ngaphandle koko, iitshiphusi eziqokelelweyo zinokubangela ukuba imoto ime kwaye yonakalise xa iqala kwakhona. Isihluzo kufuneka sicocwe okanye sitshintshwe rhoqo, njengoko kufuneka ipani yeoli kunye nolwelo lokusika.

"Konke oku kunempembelelo enkulu kwindlela esikhawuleza ngayo ukunyusa umatshini kwaye usebenze kwakhona xa ekugqibeleni ufuna ukulungiswa," kusho uShiu. “Sathi sakufika kweso siza yaye izixhobo zimdaka, kwathatha ixesha ngaphambi kokuba silungise. Oku kungenxa yokuba amagcisa anokucoca indawo echaphazelekayo kwisiqingatha sokuqala sotyelelo ngaphambi kokuba aqale ukuxilonga ingxaki. Isiphumo asiloxesha lokuphumla eliyimfuneko, kwaye kusenokwenzeka ukuba kubekho iindleko ezinkulu zokuyilungisa.”
U-Shiu ukwacebisa ukuba kusetyenziswe isityibilizi se-oyile ukususa i-oyile eyahlukileyo kwipani yeoli yomatshini. Kukwanjalo nakuBrent Morgan. Njengenjineli yesicelo eCastrol Lubricants eWayne, eNew Jersey, uyavuma ukuba ukutyibiliza, ukugcinwa kwetanki yeoli rhoqo, kunye nokubeka iliso rhoqo i-pH kunye namanqanaba oxinaniso olwelo lokusika kuya kunceda ukwandisa ubomi besipholisi, kunye nobomi. izixhobo zokusika kunye noomatshini.
Nangona kunjalo, uMorgan ukwabonelela ngendlela yokugcinwa kwamanzi ezenzekelayo ebizwa ngokuba yiCastrol SmartControl, enokuthi ichaphazele isikali sayo nayiphi na iworkshop enenjongo yokutyala imali kwinkqubo yokupholisa ephakathi.
Ucacisile ukuba iSmartControl yasungulwa "malunga nonyaka." Yaphuhliswa ngokubambisana nomenzi wolawulo lwamashishini i-Tiefenbach, kwaye yenzelwe ikakhulu iivenkile ezinenkqubo ephakathi. Kukho iinguqulelo ezimbini. Bobabini baqhubeka bebeka iliso kumanzi okusika, jonga i-concentration, i-pH, i-conductivity, iqondo lokushisa, kunye nesantya sokuhamba, njl., kwaye yazise umsebenzisi xa omnye wabo efuna ukuhoywa. Iinguqulelo ezihambele phambili ngakumbi zinokuhlengahlengisa ngokuzenzekelayo ezinye zezi xabiso-ukuba zifundeka ugxininiso oluphantsi, iSmartControl iyakongeza ukugxila, njengokuba iya kulungelelanisa i-pH ngokongeza izithinteli njengoko kufuneka.
“Abathengi bathanda ezi nkqubo kuba akukho zingxaki ezinxulumene nokugcinwa kwamanzi,” utshilo uMorgan. “Kufuneka ujonge kuphela isibane sesalathisi kwaye ukuba kukho nakuphi na ukungaqhelekanga, nceda uthathe amanyathelo afanelekileyo. Ukuba kukho uqhagamshelo lwe-Intanethi, umsebenzisi unokulubeka iliso ekude. Kukwakho ne-onboard hard drive enokugcina iintsuku ezingama-30 zokusika imbali yomsebenzi wokulungisa ulwelo. ”
Ngokunikwa umkhwa we-Industry 4.0 kunye ne-Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) itekhnoloji, ezo nkqubo zokubeka iliso ezikude ziya zixhaphaka ngakumbi. Umzekelo, uKanon Shiu waseChevalier ukhankanye i-iMCS yenkampani (iNkqubo yoNxibelelwano ngoomatshini obukrelekrele). Njengazo zonke iinkqubo ezinjalo, iqokelela ulwazi malunga nemisebenzi eyahlukeneyo enxulumene nokuvelisa. Kodwa okubaluleke ngokufanayo kukukwazi ukubona ubushushu, ukungcangcazela kunye nokungqubana, ukubonelela ngolwazi oluxabisekileyo kwabo banoxanduva lokugcinwa komatshini.
UGuy Parenteau ukwalungile kakhulu ekubekeni iliso kude. Umphathi wobunjineli we-Methods Machine Tools Inc., eSudbury, Massachusetts, wachaza ukuba ukubeka iliso koomatshini okude kuvumela abavelisi kunye nabathengi ngokufanayo ukuba baseke iziseko zokusebenza, ezinokuthi zisetyenziswe yi-algorithms esekelwe kubukrelekrele ukuchonga iindlela ze-electromechanical. Faka ulondolozo oluqikelelweyo, obubuchwephesha obunokuphucula i-OEE (ukusebenza ngokupheleleyo kwezixhobo).
"Iindibano zocweyo ezingakumbi zisebenzisa isoftware yokubeka iliso kwimveliso ukuqonda kunye nokwandisa ukusebenza kakuhle," utshilo uParenteau. "Isinyathelo esilandelayo kukuhlalutya iipatheni zokugqoka zecandelo, utshintsho lomthwalo we-servo, ukunyuka kweqondo lokushisa, njl. kwidatha yomatshini. Xa uthelekisa la maxabiso kunye namaxabiso xa umatshini usemtsha, unokuqikelela ukusilela kwemoto okanye uvumele umntu azi ukuba intsimbi yokusonta sele iza kuwa.
Wabonisa ukuba olu hlalutyo luneendlela ezimbini. Ngamalungelo okufikelela kwinethiwekhi, abasasazi okanye abavelisi banokubeka iliso kumthengiCNC, njengokuba i-FANUC isebenzisa inkqubo yayo ye-ZDT (zero downtime) ukwenza uhlolo lwezempilo olukude kwiirobhothi. Olu phawu lunokwazisa abavelisi kwiingxaki ezinokubakho kwaye bancede bachonge kwaye baphelise iziphene zemveliso.
Abathengi abangafuni ukuvula izibuko kwi-firewall (okanye ukuhlawula umrhumo wenkonzo) banokukhetha ukubeka esweni idatha ngokwabo. UParenteau uthe akukho ngxaki ngale nto, kodwa wongeza ukuba abakhi bahlala bekwazi ukuchonga imiba yolondolozo kunye nokusebenza kwangaphambili. “Bayabazi ubunakho bomatshini okanye irobhothi. Ukuba kukho nantoni na engaphaya kwexabiso elimiselweyo, ngokulula banokuvula ialam ebonisa ukuba ingxaki isemnyango, okanye umthengi unokuwutyhala kakhulu umatshini.”
Nangaphandle kokufikelela kude, ukugcinwa komatshini kuye kwaba lula kwaye kunobugcisa ngakumbi kunangaphambili. U-Ira Busman, usekela mongameli wenkonzo yabathengi e-Okuma America Corp. eCharlotte, kuMntla Carolina, ukhankanya iimoto neelori ezintsha njengemizekelo. “Ikhompyuter yesithuthi iya kukuxelela yonke into, kwaye kwezinye iimodeli, iya kukulungiselela idinga kunye nomthengisi,” utshilo. "Ishishini lezixhobo zoomatshini lisemva kulo mba, kodwa qiniseka, lihamba kwicala elinye."
Ezi ziindaba ezimnandi, kuba abantu abaninzi ekwenziwe udliwano-ndlebe nabo ngeli nqaku bavumelana ngento enye: umsebenzi wevenkile wokugcina izixhobo udla ngowanelisi. Kubanikazi bezixhobo zoomatshini be-Okuma abafuna uncedo oluncinci kulo msebenzi ukruqulayo, uBusman walatha kwi-App Store yenkampani. Ibonelela ngewijethi yezikhumbuzo zolondolozo ezicwangcisiweyo, imisebenzi yokubeka iliso kunye nolawulo, izaziso ze-alam, njl.njl. Wathi njengoninzi lwabavelisi bezixhobo zoomatshini kunye nabasasazi, u-Okuma uzama ukwenza ubomi kumgangatho wevenkile bube lula kangangoko kunokwenzeka. Okubaluleke ngakumbi, u-Okuma ufuna ukuyenza “ilumke kangangoko kunokwenzeka.” Njengoko ii-sensors ezisekelwe kwi-IIoT ziqokelela ulwazi malunga neebheringi, iimoto, kunye nezinye izinto ze-electromechanical, imisebenzi yemoto echazwe ngaphambili isondela kwinyani kwintsimi yokuvelisa. Ikhompyutha yomatshini isoloko ihlola le datha, isebenzisa ubukrelekrele bokwenziwa ukuze ibone xa kukho into engahambi kakuhle.
Noko ke, njengoko abanye bebonisile, ukuba nesiseko sothelekiso kubalulekile. UBusman wathi: “Xa u-Okuma esenza intonga yokusonta enye yeziko lokusonta okanye lokuphotha, siqokelela iimpawu zokungcangcazela, ubushushu kunye nokuphuma kwamanzi kwisixhobo sokusonta. Emva koko, i-algorithm kumlawuli inokubeka iliso kula maxabiso kwaye xa ifikelela kwinqanaba elimiselweyo Xa ixesha lifika, umlawuli uya kwazisa umqhubi womatshini okanye athumele i-alamu kwinkqubo yangaphandle, ebaxelela ukuba ingcali inokufuna ukuba zisiwe.”
UMike Hampton, ingcali yophuhliso lweshishini emva kwentengiso ka-Okuma, uthe okokugqibela kunokwenzeka—isilumkiso kwinkqubo yangaphandle—kuseyingxaki. “Ndiqikelela ukuba yipesenti encinane kuphelaoomatshini be-CNCziqhagamshelwe kwi-Intanethi,” utshilo. “Njengoko ishishini lisiya lithembela ngakumbi kwidatha, oku kuya kuba ngumngeni omkhulu.
"Ukuqaliswa kwe-5G kunye nezinye iitekhnoloji zeselula kunokuphucula imeko, kodwa kusenqabile kakhulu-ingakumbi abasebenzi be-IT kubathengi bethu-ukuvumela ukufikelela kude kumatshini wabo," waqhubeka uHampton. Ke ngelixa u-Okuma kunye nezinye iinkampani zifuna ukubonelela ngeenkonzo zokulungisa oomatshini ngakumbi kunye nokwandisa unxibelelwano nabathengi, unxibelelwano kusengowona mqobo mkhulu."
Ngaphambi kokuba loo mini ifike, iworkshop inokwandisa ixesha kunye nomgangatho wamacandelo ngokulungiselela ukuhlolwa rhoqo kwezempilo kwezixhobo zayo ngokusebenzisa iintonga okanye iinkqubo zokulinganisa i-laser. Oku koko uDan Skulan, umphathi jikelele we-metrology yezoshishino eWest Dundee Renishaw, e-Illinois, wathi. Uyavumelana nabanye ekwenziwe udliwano-ndlebe nabo kweli nqaku ukuba ukuseka isiseko kwangethuba kumjikelo wobomi besixhobo somatshini yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yaso nasiphi na isicwangciso sothintelo lolondolozo. Nakuphi na ukutenxa kwesi siseko kunokusetyenziselwa ukuchonga amacandelo agugileyo okanye awonakeleyo kunye neemeko ezingaphandle kwenqanaba. "Isizathu sokuqala sokuba izixhobo zomatshini zilahlekelwa ukuchaneka kokubeka indawo kukuba azifakwanga ngokukhuselekileyo, zilinganiswe ngokuchanekileyo, kwaye zihlolwe rhoqo," kusho uSkulan. “Oku kuyakwenza ukuba oomatshini abakumgangatho ophezulu basebenze kakubi. Ngokuchasene noko, kuya kwenza oomatshini abaphakathi baziphathe njengoomatshini ababiza kakhulu. Alithandabuzeki elokuba ukubeka kwinqanaba lelona xabiso lisebenzayo kwaye kulula ukwenza. ”
Umzekelo ophawulekayo uvela kumthengisi wesixhobo somatshini e-Indiana. Xa useka iziko lomatshini elithe nkqo, injineli yesicelo apho yaqaphela ukuba ibekwe ngokungalunganga. Ubize uSkulan, oweza nenkqubo yebhola ye-QC20-W yenkampani.
“I-X-axis kunye neY-axis zijikwe malunga ne-0.004 intshi (0.102 mm). Ukukhangela ngokukhawuleza nge-level gauge kuqinisekisile ukukrokra kwam ukuba umatshini awukho kwinqanaba, "utshilo uSkulan. Emva kokubeka ibha yebhola kwimodi yokuphinda, abantu ababini baqinisa ngokuthe ngcembe intonga nganye ye-ejector ngokutshintshana de umatshini ube kwinqanaba elipheleleyo kwaye ukuchaneka kokubeka kungaphakathi kwe-0.0002 ″ (0.005 mm).
Iibhola zebhola zifaneleke kakhulu ukufumanisa ukuqina kunye neengxaki ezifanayo, kodwa ngenxa yembuyekezo yephutha ehambelana nokuchaneka koomatshini be-volumetric, eyona ndlela yokufumanisa i-laser interferometer okanye i-calibrator ye-multi-axis. I-Renishaw inikezela ngeentlobo zeenkqubo ezinjalo, kwaye i-Skulan incoma ukuba kufuneka isetyenziswe ngokukhawuleza emva kokuba umatshini efakwe, kwaye isetyenziswe rhoqo ngokohlobo lokucutshungulwa okwenziwe.
“Masithi wenza idayimani ejike iinxalenye zeJames Webb Space Telescope, kwaye kufuneka ugcine ukunyamezelana kwiinanometers ezimbalwa,” utshilo. “Kule meko, unokwenza uqwalaselo lolungelelwaniso phambi kokusikwa ngakunye. Kwelinye icala, ivenkile eyenza iinxalenye zebhodi yokutyibiliza idibanise okanye ithabathe iziqwenga ezintlanu inokuphila ngeyona mali incinci; ngokokubona kwam, oku kube kanye ngonyaka, ngaphandle kokuba umatshini uzinzile kwaye ugcinwe kwinqanaba. "
Ibhola yebhola kulula ukuyisebenzisa, kwaye emva koqeqesho oluthile, iivenkile ezininzi zinokwenza ulungelelwaniso lwelaser koomatshini babo. Oku kuyinyani ngakumbi kwizixhobo ezitsha, ezidla ngokuba noxanduva lokumisela ixabiso lembuyekezo yangaphakathi ye-CNC. Kwiiworkshops ezinenani elikhulu lezixhobo zoomatshini kunye / okanye izibonelelo ezininzi, isoftware inokulandelela ukugcinwa. Kwimeko ye-Skulan, le yiRenishaw Central, eqokelela kwaye iququzelele idatha kwi-software yenkampani ye-CARTO yokulinganisa laser.
Kwiindibano zocweyo ezingenaxesha, izixhobo, okanye abangafuni kugcina oomatshini, uHayden Wellman, usekela mongameli omkhulu weAbsolute Machine Tools Inc. eLorraine, eOhio, uneqela elinokwenza oko. Njengabaninzi abasasazo, i-Absolute inikezela uluhlu lweenkqubo zokukhusela zokukhusela, ukusuka kwi-bronze ukuya kwisilivere ukuya kwigolide. I-Absolute ikwabonelela ngeenkonzo zenqaku elinye ezifana nembuyekezo yempazamo ye-pitch, ukulungiswa kwe-servo, kunye nokulungelelaniswa kwe-laser kunye nokulungelelaniswa.
"Kwiiworkshops ezingenalo isicwangciso sokugcinwa kokukhusela, siya kwenza imisebenzi yemihla ngemihla njengokutshintsha ioli ye-hydraulic, ukujonga ukuvuza komoya, ukulungelelanisa izikhewu, kunye nokuqinisekisa izinga lomatshini," kusho uWellman. “Kwiivenkile ezizisingatha ngokwazo le nto, sinazo zonke iilaser kunye nezinye izixhobo ezifunekayo ukugcina utyalo-mali lwabo luqhuba njengoko kuyilwe. Abanye abantu bakwenza kanye ngonyaka, abanye abantu abakwenzi rhoqo, kodwa eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuba bayenza rhoqo.”
UWellman wabelane ngeemeko ezimbi kakhulu, ezinjengomonakalo wendlela obangelwe sisithinteli sokuhamba kweoli esivalekileyo, kunye nokusilela kokusonta ngenxa yolwelo olumdaka okanye amatywina agugileyo. Akuthathi ntelekelelo ingako ukuqikelela isiphelo solu kusilela kulondolozo. Nangona kunjalo, wabonisa imeko ehlala imangalisa abanini beevenkile: abaqhubi boomatshini banokuhlawulela oomatshini abangagcinwanga kakuhle kwaye bacwangcise ukusombulula iingxaki zolungelelwaniso kunye nokuchaneka. "Ekugqibeleni, imeko iba mbi kangangokuba umatshini uyeka ukusebenza, okanye okubi nakakhulu, umqhubi uyayeka, kwaye akukho mntu unokukwazi ukwenza iinxalenye ezilungileyo," kusho uWilman. "Nayiphi na indlela, ekugqibeleni iya kuzisa iindleko ezininzi kwivenkile kunokuba bebesoloko besenza isicwangciso esilungileyo sokulungisa."